SUMMARY: What do we know about Galilee of the first Century AC? After Bar Kokba's revolt Galilee became the center of the reorganized Judaism and is well known. Many old slogans are still in use: Galilee was too far from Jewish culture and "Galilee of the nations " was reluctant to accept the Pharisaic oral Law. A closer look at Flavius Josephus works and at the rabbinic lite­rature critically examined does not fit with this old cliche.