Summary — On the occasion of the fifth centenary of the discovery of the New World, the Author of this  study,  against  some  discordant  opinions  currently divulged, maintains  that  one must  put  into  record the  authentic  documents referring to  the birth  of  the   great  Italian  navigator   Christopher   Columbus in the city of Genoa and his association with the Franciscans who interceded for him with the Catholic kings in defence of his project of reaching  India through the Western sea-way. Some historians, in the presence of the first diffi­culties in the evangelisation of those peoples, among  whom  the  Franciscans were the pioneers, have availed themselves of the opportunity to see in them the beginning of the  disruption  of the friendly  relations  between  Columbus with his  son  D.  Diego   and  the   Observant  Franciscans,   especially   with  the Archbishop of Toledo, the future Cardinal Cisneros, who was responsible for the Observants' movement in Spain and who would then be accredited with the fall of the Admiral as Viceroy of the discovered islands, creating in him an ambiguous position, conflicting whith that of the very good relations with the General of the Order, Fr. Giles Delfini. The author insists that such an opinion is unfounded, relying on the last wills of Columbus and his son D. Diego Co­lumbus, and also on other unpublished documentation. That project of Colum­bus, conceived during his stay in Portugal, during the course of experiences and nautical studies in association with navigators, physicists and astrologers, and particularly after having married a Portuguese noble lady (to which events the Admiral refers in his  letters  and  postils  annexed  to  his  books)   has  many historical incidences  with  the  letter   of   the   Florentine   cosmographer,   Paul Toscanelli, to the Canon of Lisbon, Fernando Martins, of the 25th June 1474, jealously preserved in the notes of Columbus, and also with the discussed cor­respondence between the Italian physicist and the Genoese navigator,  whose authenticity is denied by some historians.  The pontifical  documentation,  not integrally published, analysed by the author, with reference to the Portuguese Canon Fernando Matins de Reriz, Master in Arts and Medicine, accomplished Bachelor in Theology, doctor to Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, to whose service he was assigned together with the Florentine cosmographer, shows that he had returned to Portugal from Italy before 1474 and lived in Lisbon till 1483, having been affectionately familiar to both Cardinal D. Jaime, during the latter's stay in Florence, and to the Portuguese Sovereign. Such documentation offers, there­fore, some indication and basis to the probability not only of the connections of the Canon with Columbus, who in his notes and in his postils mentions his own contacts and  relationships  with  wise  personalities  —  ecclesiastical   and secular — before deciding to set sail towards the Indies through the West, but also of the Admiral's correspondence with the Italian cosmographer during that period of experiences and studies, particularly from 1479 till the actual decision of proposing the implementation of his project first to the King of Portugal and then to the Catholic monarchs of Castiglia.