Summary — A description is given of the institution and evolution of the title of Church Doctor from the viewpoint of the fundamental requisite of eminent doctrine. From the Fathers-Doctors to the Doctors non Fathers. The Vatican Council II and the importance of Doctors for the Universal Church. Consideration on the part of the Congregation for the Causese of Saints. The competence of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in judging the eminent doctrine of candidates to the Doctorate. The title of Church Doctor is not a decoration to the memory of the person, but rather a reco­gnition of validity presence.