Summary: The relationship of the Church to the religions of humankind – to which the Author already dedicated a previous study on these pages (in Antonianum.…….) – plays a particularly significant role in the teaching of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council and in the post-Conciliar Papal Magisterium. Seen within the larger context of the Church’s renewed openness to dialogue with the world around her, so to speak, this relationship has required constant balancing of the goods involved: Genuine and respectful openness to dialogue, on the one hand, and authentic fidelity to the Gospel, on the other. This article examines how the proper balance was being sought and proposed, successively, in the Conciliar teaching and in that of the Pontiffs that have followed the Council.